Zudem breitet sie sich langsam in den Süden aus (Sprachgebiet des Kikongo einschließlich Nordwestangolas)[1]. They are added to some verb root in the following order: The first tone segment affects the subject part of the verb, the second tone segment attaches to the semantic morpheme attached to the root of the verb. (1998) "Maloba ma nkota Russ-Lingala-Falanse. Lingála, Sprachcode LIN, ist eine der acht Lusengo-Sprachen. Possible ambiguities are solved by the context. Aus Lobangi, vermischt mit weiteren Bantusprachen, entstand im 19. Sie wird hauptsächlich in den beiden Kongo-Staaten und Angola gesprochen, wo sie den Status einer Nationalsprache hat. Es wird auch in Teilen Gabuns und Ugandas gesprochen. The convention of 1976 reduced the alternative orthography of characters but did not enforce tone marking. For starters, here are some important Lingala words and phrases you will use whenever you cross paths with someone else. Only to a certain extent, noun class allocation is semantically governed. It is spoken to a lesser degree in Angola and the Central African Republic. Entstanden ist Lingála entlang des Kongo-Flusses in der Provinz Equateur. Standard Lingala is largely used in formal functions. Lingala developed as a language used mostly for trade. The Lingala language has 35 letters and digraphs. Bielefeld: Rump, 1992. Angolanische Bakongo waren 1961/63 zu Hunderttausenden in die. Noun class prefixes do not show up only on the noun itself, but serve as markers throughout the whole sentence. 5,500,000. So in Kinshasa, a native speaker will say mbóte as /ᵐbóte/, compared to the more traditional pronunciation of /ᵐbɔ́tɛ/. In practice, the extent of borrowing varies widely with speakers of different regions (commonly among young people), and during different occasions. Also, you will note that there is a different prefix for the third person depending on whether the subject being reference is human (one prefix) or else an animal or an object (a different prefix). In diesem Artikel oder Abschnitt fehlen noch folgende wichtige Informationen: Phonetik und Phonologie, Grammatik, Wortschatz, Rechtschreibung, Beispiel und Literatur; vgl. Copyright © 2020 Bright Hub Education. The singular classes 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 take their plural forms from classes 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, respectively. Modern spoken Lingala is increasingly influenced by French; French verbs, for example, may be "lingalized" adding Lingala inflection prefixes and suffixes: "acomprenaki te" or "acomprendraki te" (he did not understand, using the French word comprendre) instead of classic Lingala "asímbaki ntína te" (literally: s/he grasped/held the root/cause not). There is a third, less common tone – starting high, dipping low and then ending high – all within the same vowel sound, e.g. The allophones are also found as alternating forms in the popular orthography; sango is an alternative to nsango (information or news); nyonso, nyoso, nionso, nioso (every) are all transcriptions of nyɔ́nsɔ. Mitte der 80er-Jahre gab es rund 35 000 Zeugen Jehovas in Zaire (heute Demokratische Republik Kongo). There are seven genders in total. For Lingala music, see, Geographic distribution of Lingala speakers, showing regions of native speakers (dark green) and other regions of use, Le grand Dzo : nouveau dictionnaire illustré lingala-français / Adolphe, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Bato ya Mangala, bakomi motuya boni na mokili ? Lingála bzw. Around 1900, CICM missionaries started a project to "purify" the language in order to make it "pure Bantu" again. In Kongo-Kinshasa ist Lingála, trotz der großen Verbreitung, nicht Unterrichtssprache an den Schulen. Tósolola Na Lingála: Let's Speak Lingala (Let's Speak Series). For example, the words ndɔbɔ 'fishhook' and ndobo 'mouse trap' are found, but not *ndɔbo or *ndobɔ. Native to: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Angola Region: Congo River Official language in: None. Lingala, sometimes called Ngala, is spoken in the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and a bit in the Central African Republic; specifically, Lingala is used mostly in the Bandundu, Equateur, Orientale, and southeast Orientale provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo and in Brazzaville and northward in the Republic of Congo.Lingala developed as a language used mostly for trade. Standard Lingala is historically associated with the work of the Catholic Church and missionaries. It had already simplified, compared to local Bantu languages, in its sentence structure, word structure and sounds, and speakers borrowed words and constructs liberally from other languages. The latter was intended to mean '(language) of the Bangala' or 'of the River' (that is, 'Riverine Language'). It has a seven-vowel system (/a/ /e/ /ɛ/ /i/ /o/ /ɔ/ /u/) with an obligatory tense-lax vowel harmony. April 2020 um 13:01 Uhr bearbeitet. Lingála gehört zu den Lusengo-Sprachen und ist sprachlich eng verwandt mit Bangala und Bobangi, wobei etwa ein Drittel des Wortschatzes lexikalische Ähnlichkeit mit letztgenannter Sprache aufweist, aus der es entstanden ist. Cette plateforme est dédiée à l'apprentissage du … Many Lingala books, papers, even the translation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and more recently, Internet forums, newsletters, and major websites, such as Google's Lingala, do not use the Lingala-specific characters ɛ and ɔ. The close-mid vowels /e/ and /o/ normally do not mix with the open-mid vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ in words. Lingala is part of the Bantu language family. Spoken Lingala (called lingala parlé in French) is the variation mostly used in the day-to-day lives of Lingalaphones. : mutu (human being) and mutú (head), or kokoma (to write) and kokóma (to arrive). [2] Lingala, sometimes called Ngala, is spoken in the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and a bit in the Central African Republic; specifically, Lingala is used mostly in the Bandundu, Equateur, Orientale, and southeast Orientale provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo and in Brazzaville and northward in the Republic of Congo. As literacy in Lingala tends to be low, its popular orthography is very flexible and varies among the two republics. There is also a prefixless class 9a and 10a, exemplified by sánzá → sánzá 'moon(s) or month(s)'. Aus dem Französischen und aus dem Kiswahili wurden vereinzelt Lehnwörter aufgenommen. Muttersprachler und 8 Millionen Zweitsprachler. 12 talking about this. It is spoken to a lesser degree in Angola and the Central African Republic. : bôngó (therefore). Moscow: Institute of Linguistics-Russian Academy of Sciences (соавторы Мухина Л.М., Топорова И.Н. It has a full morphological noun prefix system, but the agreement system is more lax than the standard variation, i.e. This allowed the language to spread easily amongst the Congolese population. The lack of consistent accentuation is lessened by the disambiguation due to context. There are four morphemes modifying verbs. 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Es gibt Wörterbücher etwa ins Spanische, Französische oder Englische. It also has a full range of morphological noun prefixes with mandatory grammatical agreement system with subject–verb, or noun–modifier for each of class. To learn more Lingala, check out these links: Lesson Plan for Teaching ESL Students to Form Noun Clauses from Questions, Learn How Spanish Sentence Structure is Different from English Sentence Structure. Lingala (auch Ngála oder liNgála) ist eine afrikanische Verkehrs- und Handelssprache. Lingala (Ngala) (Lingala: lingála) is a Bantu language spoken throughout the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and a large part of the Republic of the Congo. In 1976, the Société Zaïroise des Linguistes (Zairian Linguists Society) adopted a writing system for Lingala, using the open e (ɛ) and the open o (ɔ) to write the vowels [ɛ] and [ɔ], and sporadic usage of accents to mark tone, though the limitation of input methods prevents Lingala writers from easily using the ɛ and ɔ and the accents. Rogério Goma Mpasi: Lingala für Kongo und Zaire. Additionally, many household items found in class 9 take a class 2 prefix (ba) in the plural: lutu → balutu 'spoon', mesa → bamesa 'table', sani → basani 'plate'. Auch im Norden Angolas, besonders in der Provinz Uíge, beherrschen inzwischen viele Menschen neben dem in Nordangola ursprünglich gesprochenen Kikongo auch Lingála. Die drei genannten Posten gehörten zu den ersten im unteren Kongobecken, welche ab 1899 katholische Missionsstationen wurden. It is similar to the Lusengo, Bangala, and Bobangi languages. Jahrhundert eine überregionale Verkehrs- und Handelssprache, wobei Égide de Bœck große Verdienste zukommen. Lingala is more a spoken than written language, and has several different writing systems, most of them ad hoc. According to some linguists, Lingala is a Bantu-based creole of Central Africa[7] with roots in the Bobangi language. A conjugation of the verb in Lingala that means “to be” will give you a taste for how Lingala grammar works. Whether you wish to learn Lingala for interest’s sake or because you plan to visit an African country where it is used or because you have friends who speak it, there are certain words and phrases that you should learn for everyday, basic conversation. Niger-Kongo, Atlantik-Kongo, Volta-Congo, Benué-Kongo, Bantoid, Südliche Bantusprachen, Narrow Bantu, Nordwest, C, Bangi-Ntomba (C 40), Lusengo. ), 384 p. This page was last edited on 4 September 2020, at 11:02. Class 9 and 10 have a nasal prefix, which assimilates to the following consonant. [6] The name Lingala first appears in writing in a publication by the CICM missionary Egide De Boeck (1903). The script is used in the church of Kimbangu as a liturgical script. The major variations are considered to be Standard Lingala, Spoken Lingala, Kinshasa Lingala and Brazzaville Lingala. The prenasalized voiced occlusives, /ᵐb/, /ⁿd/, /ᵑɡ/, /ⁿz/ do not vary. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 20. (1) [ᶮʒ] is allophonic with [ʒ] depending on the dialect. It is similar to the Lusengo, Bangala, and Bobangi languages. European missionaries called the language Bangala, after the Bangala people, or Lingala. The Lingala spoken in Kinshasa shows a vowel shift from /ɔ/ to /o/, leading to the absence of the phoneme /ɔ/ in favor of /o/. Sprachlich gehört sie zu den Bantusprachen, die in Ost- und Zentralafrika sowie im südlichen Afrika gesprochen werden. (There is a special verbal form 'a' of the prefix for class 1 nouns.). The popular orthographies seem to be a step ahead of any academic-based orthography. ", Dictionnaire bilingues lingala - français, Dictionary of Congo-Brazzaville National Languages, Lingala Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words, Small Collection of Lingala Online resources, Maneno (African blogging platform) in Lingala, Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lingala&oldid=976683644, ISO language articles citing sources other than Ethnologue, Articles containing Lingala-language text, Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from June 2017, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from June 2017, Pages using citations with format and no URL, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, pronounced slightly higher than the cardinal, Native speakers: Estimates range from 10 to 15 million speakers (2017), Reciprocal or stationary (-an-, sometimes -en-), Bokamba, Eyamba George et Bokamba, Molingo Virginie. National African Language Resource Center (May 30, 2005). In the last two decades of the 19th century, after the forces of Leopold II of Belgium conquered the region and started exploiting it commercially, Bangi came into wider use. Bantu language spoken in western Central Africa, This article is about the Lingala language. Na sanza ya minei na 2014, biro ya filiale ya Congo (Kinshasa) ezwaki mokanda moko ya kosimba motema oyo eutaki epai ya babomi-mbisi oyo bafandaka na Ibinja, esanga moko na Laki Kivu. Lingala has four tones which are sometimes indicated in writing as follows: 1. no accent for default tone, the low tone 2. acute accent <á> for the high tone 3. circumflex accent <â> for descending tone 4. caron <ǎ> for ascending tone Download an alphabet chart for Lingala(Excel) Details of the Lingala alphabet provided by Michael Peter Füstumum Auf privater Basis werden jedoch sehr erfolgreiche Alphabetisierungskurse von lokalen Bevölkerungskomitees mit Unterstützung der UNESCO im Landesinneren durchgeführt. mbisi 'fish'). Thus, the prefix shows up as 'n' on words that start with t or d, e.g. Anwender. The Lingala language can be divided into several dialects or variations. Samarin, William J. The importance of Lingala as a vernacular has since grown with the size and importance of its main centers of use, Kinshasa and Brazzaville; with its use as the lingua franca of the armed forces; and with the popularity of soukous music. noun-modifier agreement is reduced to two classes. Insgesamt sind es mehr als 10.000.000 Sprecher, demographisch bedingt stark zunehmend. Im Herzen der von diesen bewohnten Region Ngala, auf halbem Weg zwischen Léopoldville (heute Kinshasa) und Stanleyville (heute Kisangani), wurde der Hafen Nouvelle Anvers (Neu-Antwerpen) (seit 1966 Makanza) als eine der ersten Handelsstationen des Kongo-Freistaates errichtet. Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lingála&oldid=199085470, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“, 2 Mio. Dies gilt besonders für Kikongo-Sprecher, die häufige Kontakte über die Grenze in den Kongo haben.
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