In 2007, Belarus's population declined by 0.41% and its fertility rate was 1.22,[203] well below the replacement rate. Peu importe l'industrie, nous pouvons fournir une analyse complète de votre processus de fabrication pour à la fois identifier les points problématiques et fournir des recommandations d'améliorations. [113] Belarus and Lithuania ratified final border demarcation documents in February 2007. (ed. [224][225], Marc Chagall was born in Liozna (near Vitebsk) in 1887. [104][105] The country lies within two ecoregions: Sarmatic mixed forests and Central European mixed forests. The third Article of the Statute establishes that all lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania will be eternally in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and never enter as a part of other states. After Stalin's death in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev continued his predecessor's cultural hegemony program, stating, "The sooner we all start speaking Russian, the faster we shall build communism. [138] Belarus and Russia have been close trading partners and diplomatic allies since the breakup of the Soviet Union. In 1996, Lukashenko called for a controversial vote to extend the presidential term from five to seven years, and as a result the election that was supposed to occur in 1999 was pushed back to 2001. Paramètrer les cookies. Several state holidays, such as Independence Day and Victory Day, draw big crowds and often include displays such as fireworks and military parades, especially in Vitebsk and Minsk. Contactez-nous. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belarus&oldid=1015237638, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [196] On 1 June 2011, Belarus requested an economic rescue package from the International Monetary Fund. Lors de mon voyage en Belgique, j’ai eu un vrai coup de cœur... Lire plus.. Visiter Bruxelles avec 12 incontournables à voir, boire ou manger. [186] Belarus applied to become a member of the World Trade Organization in 1993. [74], The German occupation in 1941–1944 and war on the Eastern Front devastated Belarus. The National Bank of Belarus abandoned pegging the Belarusian ruble to the Russian ruble in August 2007. 2021 Henkel Belgium nv. [49], Joseph Stalin implemented a policy of Sovietization to isolate the Byelorussian SSR from Western influences. Lukashenko was re-elected in 2001, in 2006, in 2010 and again in 2015. From 1 July until 31 December 2016, the old and new currencies were in parallel circulation and series 2000 notes and coins can be exchanged for series 2009 from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. [213] Belarusian, although not as widely used as Russian, is the mother tongue of 53.2% of the population, whereas Russian is the mother tongue of only 41.5%.[212]. Several poets and authors went into exile after the Nazi occupation of Belarus and would not return until the 1960s. These articles were aimed to defend the rights of the nobility of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania nobility against Polish, Prussian and other aristocracy of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. [116] Alexander Lukashenko has been the president of Belarus since 1994. Santa Maria Capua Vetere Italie. Şişli Turquie. [53], During the negotiations of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Belarus first declared independence under German occupation on 25 March 1918, forming the Belarusian People's Republic. [citation needed], With the support of the Communist Party, the country's name was changed to the Republic of Belarus on 25 August 1991. The country's folk music traditions can be traced back to the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The judges of national courts are appointed by the president and confirmed by the Council of the Republic. [210] The Lipka Tatars, numbering over 15,000, are predominantly Muslims. [104] The city of Minsk is split into nine districts and enjoys special status as the nation's capital. [222], After the Second World War, music focused on the hardships of the Belarusian people or on those who took up arms in defense of the homeland. [197][198], According to the 2019 census the population was 9.41 million[199] with ethnic Belarusians constituting 84.9% of Belarus's total population. Statistically, the Byelorussian SSR was the hardest-hit Soviet republic in World War II; it remained in Nazi hands until 1944. [63], The western part of modern Belarus remained part of the Second Polish Republic. The Neman flows westward towards the Baltic sea and the Pripyat flows eastward to the Dnieper; the Dnieper flows southward towards the Black Sea. Numerous Belarusian players are present in the Kontinental Hockey League in Eurasia, particularly for Belarusian club HC Dinamo Minsk, and several have also played in the National Hockey League in North America. [77], After the war, Belarus was among the 51 founding member states of the United Nations Charter and as such it was allowed an additional vote at the UN, on top of the Soviet Union's vote. [52], In a Russification drive in the 1840s, Nicholas I prohibited use of the Belarusian language in public schools, campaigned against Belarusian publications and tried to pressure those who had converted to Catholicism under the Poles to reconvert to the Orthodox faith. We do not recognize him but we must deal with him, U.S. no longer recognizes Lukashenko as legitimate president of Belarus, "U.S., EU Sanction Belarus in Coordinated Western Action", "Coordinates of the extreme points of the state frontier. [70] Belarusian leadership was sent to Bereza Kartuska prison.[71]. Other large cities are Mogilev (365,100), Vitebsk (342,400), Hrodna (314,800) and Brest (298,300). www.hckraainem.be [177] The country relies on Russia for various imports, including petroleum. [177], Due to its failure to protect labor rights, including passing laws forbidding unemployment or working outside of state-controlled sectors,[187] Belarus lost its EU Generalized System of Preferences status on 21 June 2007, which raised tariff rates to their prior most favored nation levels. Belarus is also known for its strong rhythmic gymnasts. [83], In March 1990, elections for seats in the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR took place. TEROSON ® est une marque de premier plan proposant des solutions de collage, d’étanchéité, de revêtement, d’amortissement acoustique et de renforcement pour les opérations d’assemblage des équipementiers, la réparation et l’entretien des véhicules, les assemblages industriels et un grand nombre d’applications sur le marché de la construction. [46] However, the Ruthenian peasants continued to speak their own language and remained faithful to the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church. [64][65][66] After an early period of liberalization, tensions between increasingly nationalistic Polish government and various increasingly separatist ethnic minorities started to grow, and the Belarusian minority was no exception. In addition, remains from the Dnieper-Donets culture were found in Belarus and parts of Ukraine. [229], Belarusian cuisine consists mainly of vegetables, meat (particularly pork), and bread. [170] However, there is a political will to fight against corruption in the government, and the government has made some progress in combating corruption, such as minimizing tax regulations in order to improve transparency in the tax office. [133], After the December completion of the 2010 presidential election, Lukashenko was elected to a fourth straight term with nearly 80% of the vote in elections. [citation needed], In 2006, Belarus's largest trading partner was Russia, accounting for nearly half of total trade, with the European Union the next largest trading partner, with nearly a third of foreign trade. [116] The Council of Europe removed Belarus from its observer status since 1997 as a response for election irregularities in the November 1996 constitutional referendum and parliament by-elections. Pour une assistance technique immédiate, veuillez appeler le +32 2 421 26 11 Минаев В. Западная Белоруссия и Западная Украина под гнетом панской Польши.—М., 1939. Belarus Appeals To IMF For $8bln Rescue Loan. At the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Belarus was one of the world's most industrially developed states by percentage of GDP as well as the richest CIS member-state. But since the mid-20th century, the number of Jews has been reduced by the Holocaust, deportation, and emigration, so that today it is a very small minority of less than one percent. The contested lands were divided between Poland and the Soviet Union after the war ended in 1921, and the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922. [176] [205], Belarus's Catholic minority is concentrated in the western part of the country, especially around Hrodna, is made up of a mixture of Belarusians and the country's Polish and Lithuanian minorities. [156], Most of Belarus's service members are conscripts, who serve for 12 months if they have higher education or 18 months if they do not. The national football team has never qualified for a major tournament; however, BATE Borisov has played in the Champions League. The referendum on the extension was denounced as a "fantastic" fake by the chief electoral officer, Viktar Hanchar, who was removed from the office for official matters only during the campaign. [233], Belarus has four UNESCO-designated World Heritage Sites: the Mir Castle Complex, the Nesvizh Castle, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha (shared with Poland), and the Struve Geodetic Arc (shared with nine other countries). Useful. Żeligowski later in his memoir which was published in London in 1943 condemned the annexation of the Republic by Poland, as well as the policy of closing Belarusian schools and general disregard of Marshal Józef Piłsudski's confederation plans by Polish ally. Info from a visitor: "It is highly discouraged to tank by yourself, wait for the attendant" If you know for any laws or other info about converting to LPG, driving on LPG or any other info regarding LPG in Belarus please contact me and I will add it to the page.. [159], Belarus has not expressed a desire to join NATO but has participated in the Individual Partnership Program since 1997,[160] and Belarus provides refueling and airspace support for the ISAF mission in Afghanistan. It was published in Prague and Vilnius sometime between 1517 and 1525, making it the first book printed in Belarus or anywhere in Eastern Europe. In the 2020 presidential election the official result was 80% for Lukashenko again. To show hospitality, a host traditionally presents an offering of bread and salt when greeting a guest or visitor. Contactez-nous. [103], Natural resources include peat deposits, small quantities of oil and natural gas, granite, dolomite (limestone), marl, chalk, sand, gravel, and clay. To strengthen the independence in the format of the union, three editions of the Statutes of Lithuania were issued in the 16th century. [203], According to the census of November 2011, 58.9% of all Belarusians adhered to some kind of religion; out of those, Eastern Orthodoxy (Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church) made up about 82%. [102] It is landlocked, relatively flat, and contains large tracts of marshy land. In: Zeitschrift für Slawistik 45 (2000), 200–214. The six regions are divided into 118 raions. In the 9th century the territory of modern Belarus became part of Kievan Rus', a vast East Slavic state ruled by the Rurikid dynasty. EN. Under the 1994 constitution, the president could serve for only two terms as president, but a change in the constitution in 2004 eliminated term limits. Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941. partner: Weidemann Belgium. It existed from only 1918 to 1919 but created prerequisites for the formation of the state idea around the name "Belarus". [130], Neither the pro-Lukashenko parties, such as the Belarusian Socialist Sporting Party and the Republican Party of Labour and Justice, nor the People's Coalition 5 Plus opposition parties, such as the Belarusian People's Front and the United Civil Party of Belarus, won any seats in the 2004 elections. [59] After a variety of delays, a disputed election took place on 8 January 1922, and the territory was annexed to Poland. Sino-Belarusian relations have improved,[148] strengthened by the visit of President Lukashenko to China in October 2005. [167] Belarus is the only European country still using capital punishment having carried out executions in 2011. [84] Stanislav Shushkevich, the chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Belarus, met with Boris Yeltsin of Russia and Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine on 8 December 1991 in Belavezhskaya Pushcha to formally declare the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. [169] Corrupt practices such as bribery often took place during tender processes, and whistleblower protection and national ombudsman are lacking in Belarus's anti-corruption system. [61], In 1919 a part of Belarus under Russian rule emerged as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (Byelorussian SSR). [110] The United Nations and other agencies have aimed to reduce the level of radiation in affected areas, especially through the use of caesium binders and rapeseed cultivation, which are meant to decrease soil levels of caesium-137.
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