Secondly, the minimum age required to run for a seat at the National Assembly is set at 18 years old. Under Article 26 of the Constitution, deputies, like Senators, are protected by parliamentary immunity. The National Assembly can overthrow the executive government (that is, the Prime Minister and other ministers) by a motion of no confidence (motion de censure). [18] The candidate must also have fulfilled his National Civic Day, a special day created to replace the military service. — Article 12 de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 [1] Pratique. The National Assembly's legislators are known as députés (French pronunciation: [depyˈte]; "delegate" or "envoy" in English; the word is an etymological cognate of the English word "deputy", which is the standard term for legislators in many parliamentary systems). To be elected in the first round of voting, a candidate must obtain at least 50% of the votes cast, with a turn-out of at least 25% of the registered voters on the electoral rolls. There are 577 députés, each elected by a single-member constituency through a two-round voting system. Following a tradition started by the first National Assembly during the French Revolution, the "left-wing" parties sit to the left as seen from the president's seat, and the "right-wing" parties sit to the right, and the seating arrangement thus directly indicates the political spectrum as represented in the Assembly. Si ceux-ci s'opposent à la dissolution, le Président peut quand même y recourir. Indeed, the voter would be considered as highly influenced and its decision making would be impacted. In the second round, the candidate who receives the most votes is elected. In the case of a president and assembly from opposing parties, this leads to the situation known as cohabitation; this situation, which has occurred three times (twice under Mitterrand, once under Chirac), is likely to be rarer now that presidential and assembly terms are the same length. They also have an office in the Assembly, various perquisites in terms of transport and communications, social security, a pension fund, and unemployment insurance. OCTOBRE 1958", "La démocratie en questions: L'usage stratégique de démocratie et de ses dérivés dans les questions au gouvernement de la 11e Législature", "Ordonnance n° 2009-935 du 29 juillet 2009 portant répartition des sièges et délimitation des circonscriptions pour l'élection des députés", "La révision des circonscriptions électorales: Un échec démocratique annoncé", "Redécoupage électoral – 11 députés pour les Français de l'étranger", "Les Propositions De Loi, Du DEPOT à La Promulgation", "The Senate votes the law – Taking the initiative", "Qu'est-ce que le référendum d'initiative citoyenne (RIC) demandé par des " gilets jaunes " ? This is meant as a way to resolve stalemates where the Assembly cannot decide on a clear political direction. [7] However, districts were not redrawn between 1982 and 2009. [20], Furthermore, a person cannot be elected if they were declared ineligible following fraudulent funding of a previous electoral campaign. Eligibility due to personal requirements, The essential conditions to run for elections are the following. Assembly legislators receive a salary of €7,043.69 per month. However, the legislative election of 1986, carried out under this system, gave France a new majority which returned the National Assembly to the plurality voting system described above. However, they can hold a part-time councillor mandate. No new amendments can be added except on the government’s approval. Thus, 289 seats are required for a majority. If he or she chooses the second option, then they are replaced by their substitute. The government (the prime minister and the minister of relationships with parliament) used to set the priorities of the agenda for the assembly's sessions, except for a single day each month. [22] Prefects are also unable to be elected in France in every district they are exercising power or exercised power for less than three years before the date of the election. A referendum on the previous conditions can also be initiated by a fifth of the member of the parliament, supported by a tenth of the voters inscribed on the electoral lists. If the new proposal of law fails to be approved by the two chambers, the government can, after a new lecture by the National Assembly and the Senate, ask the National Assembly to rule a final judgement. [15], For an ordinary proposition of law, texts must be first reviewed by a permanent parliamentary commission or a special commission designated for this purpose. Like Prime Minister's Questions in Britain, it is largely a show for the viewers, with members of the majority asking flattering questions, while the opposition tries to embarrass the government. [13], A proposal for a law can be originated from the Prime minister or a member of the parliament. [6], Since 1988, the 577 deputies are elected by direct universal suffrage with a two-round system by constituency, for a five-year mandate, subject to dissolution. For other uses, see, Lower house of the French Parliament under the Fifth Republic, in charge of representatives of interest groups and study groups, in charge of the artistic and cultural heritage of the National Assembly, in charge of the application of the deputy's statute, in charge of the admissibility of proposals of law, 15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, referendum on the method of election of the President, eleven constituencies and seats for French residents overseas, National Defence and Armed Forces Committee, Sustainable Development, Spatial and Regional Planning Committee, Finance, General Economy and Budgetary Monitoring Committee, Constitutional Acts, Legislation and General Administration Committee, List of deputies of the 11th National Assembly of France, List of deputies of the 12th National Assembly of France, List of deputies of the 13th National Assembly of France, List of deputies of the 14th National Assembly of France, List of deputies of the 15th National Assembly of France, "Déclaration politique du groupe Ecologie Démocratie Solidarité", "La motion de censure : véritable moyen de contrôle? [13], A law proposal is a document divided into 3 distinct parts: a title, an exposé des motifs and a dispositif. And the fourth one is set by the assembly. For this reason, the prime minister and his cabinet are necessarily from the dominant party or coalition in the assembly. He may call for a new legislative deliberation of the law or one of its articles in front of the National Assembly, which cannot be denied.[13]. Another week is designated for the assembly's "control" prerogatives (consisting mainly of verbal questions addressed to the government). This, however, was amended on 23 July 2008. The dispositif is the normative part, which is developed within articles. It is guarded by Republican Guards. As of July 2017, 58% of deputies hold such a seat. [3] Since the beginning of the Fifth Republic, there has only been one single successful motion de censure, in 1962 in hostility to the referendum on the method of election of the President,[4] and President Charles de Gaulle dissolved the Assembly within a few days.[5]. In practice, given the number of priority items, it meant that the schedule of the assembly was almost entirely set by the executive; bills generally only have a chance to be examined if proposed or supported by the executive. This measure has become rarer since the 2000 referendum reduced the presidential term from seven to five years: a President usually has a majority elected in the Assembly two months after the presidential election, and it would be useless for him/her to dissolve it for those reasons. The text is thus amended. ", "Fiche de synthèse n°14 : L'élection des députés", "LOI Organique N° 2014-125 Du 14 Février 2014 Interdisant Le Cumul De Fonctions Exécutives Locales Avec Le Mandat De Député Ou De Sénateur", "NOTICES ET PORTRAITS, Quinzième législature", Provisional Government of the French Republic, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Assembly_(France)&oldid=979760672, Infobox legislature with background color, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 September 2020, at 16:55. The Constitution of the French Fifth Republic greatly increased the power of the executive at the expense of Parliament, compared to previous constitutions (Third and Fourth Republics).[2]. Upon appointment to the Government, the elected deputy has one month to choose between the mandate and the office. Indeed, the article 48 of the constitution guarantee at least a monthly session decided by the assembly. The term of the National Assembly is five years; however, the President of the Republic may dissolve the Assembly (thereby calling for new elections) unless it has been dissolved in the preceding twelve months. The last dissolution was by Jacques Chirac in 1997, following from the lack of popularity of prime minister Alain Juppé; however, the plan backfired, and the newly elected majority was opposed to Chirac. La procédure de dissolution de l'Assemblée nationale est présentée dans l'article 12 de la constitution du 4 octobre 1958, de la façon suivante : Il est néanmoins important de préciser que la dissolution de l'Assemblée nationale devient impossible dès lors que le Président de la République à recours à l'article 16 de la Constituion qui lui confère les pleins pouvoirs. First, a candidate must have French citizenship. This possibility is seldom exercised. Deputies may not have more than one local mandate (in a municipal, intercommunal, general, or regional council) in addition to their current mandate. One month after the end of his cabinet position, the deputy returns to his seat in the Assembly. The assembly is presided over by a president (currently Richard Ferrand), normally from the largest party represented, assisted by vice-presidents from across the represented political spectrum. [13], Projects of propositions of laws will be examined succinctly by the two assembly- National Assembly and the Senate- until the text is identical. As a result of population movements over that period, there were inequalities between the less populous rural districts and the urban districts. [18], The député mandate is also incompatible with being a member of the military corps on duty, and with the exercised of one of the following mandates: regional councilor, councilor at the Assemblée de Corse, general councilor or being a municipal councilor of a municipality of a least or more than 3,500 inhabitants. The new proposition has to be approved by the government before being re-proposed to the two assemblies. The term of the National Assembly is five years; however, the President of the Republic may dissolve the Assembly (thereby calling for new elections) unless it has been dissolved in the preceding twelve months. [13], The president, on the government or the two assemblies’ proposal, can submit every law proposal as a referendum if it concerns the organization of public powers, reforms on the economy, social and environmental measures or every proposition that would have an impact on the well-functioning of the institutions. The Wednesday afternoon 3 p.m. session of "questions to the Government" is broadcast live on television. Since 1958, the mandate is also incompatible with a ministerial function. [12], The agenda of the National Assembly is mostly decided by the government but the assembly can also enforce its agenda. [16], Finally, the laws are promulgated by the President. The organic law of 10 July 1985 established a system of party-list proportional representation within the framework of the département. The National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale; pronounced [asɑ̃ble nɑsjɔnal]) is the lower house of the bicameral French Parliament under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (Sénat). The sincerity of the results could thus not be regarded as viable and legitimate. Legislators of the assembly can ask written or oral questions to ministers. Of the 577 elected deputies, 539 represent Metropolitan France, 27 represent the overseas departments and overseas collectivities, and 11 represent French residents overseas. ", "Quelles sont les conditions nécessaires pour devenir député ou sénateur ? Each candidate is enrolled along with a substitute, who takes the candidate's place in the event of inability to represent the constituency, when the deputy becomes minister, for example. Amendments proposed by parliamentarian cannot mobilize further public funding. Le Président de la République peut dissoudre l'Assemblée nationale après en avoir averti le Premier ministre et les Présidents des assemblées. The electoral law of 1986 specifies that variations of population between constituencies should not, in any case, lead to a constituency exceeding more than 20% the average population of the constituencies of the département. [19] Finally, a candidate under guardianship and curatorship cannot be elected at the assembly. If no candidate is elected in the first round, those who poll in excess of 12.5% of the registered voters in the first-round vote are entered in the second round of voting. The position of deputy of the National Assembly is incompatible with that of any other elected legislative position (Senator or since 2000, Member of European Parliament) or with some administrative functions (members of the Constitutional Council of France and senior officials such as prefects, magistrates, or officers who are ineligible for Department where they are stationed). ", "ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE, CONSTITUTION DU 4 . The constituencies were redrawn in 2009,[8] but this redistribution was controversial. The official seat of the National Assembly is the Palais Bourbon on the banks of the river Seine; the Assembly also uses other neighbouring buildings, including the Immeuble Chaban-Delmas on the rue de l'Université. [9] Among other controversial measures, it created eleven constituencies and seats for French residents overseas, albeit without increasing the overall number of seats beyond 577.[10][11]. Under the amended constitution, the government sets the priorities for two weeks in a month. Certain laws must come from the government, including for example financial regulations. In that case, the National Assembly can either take back the text elaborated by the special commission or the last one that they voted for – possibly modified by several amendments by the Senate. Eligibility due to positions that a person may occupy, The député mandate cannot be cumulated with a mandate of senators, European deputy, member of the government or of the constitutional council. The President of the Republic can decide to dissolve the National Assembly and call for new legislative elections. [14], The proposition of law may pass through the National Assembly and Senate in an indifferent order, except for financial which must go through the assembly first or territorial organizational laws or laws for French living in foreign countries, which must first pass through the Senate. [23], Since the 31st of March 2017, being elected national député is incompatible with local mandates such as mayors, president of a regional council or member of the departmental council. D'autre part, dans l'hypothèse où le Président du Sénat devrait assurer l'intérim des plus hautes fonctions de l'État (en cas de démission ou de décès du … It was necessary within this framework to obtain at least 5% of the vote to elect an official. [24], "Assemblée Nationale" redirects here. If no candidate comply such conditions, the two highest-placing candidates advance to second round. Since the 2017 general election, deputies cannot hold an executive position in any local government (municipality, department, region). [21], 2. After the two lectures by the two chambers (or just one if the government decide to engage an acceleration of the text adoption - which can happen only in certain conditions) and without any accord, the Prime Minister or the two Presidents of the two chambers -conjointly with him- can convoke a special commission composed by an equal number of parliamentarians and senators to reach a compromise and propose a new text. The exposé des motifs describe the arguments in favor of a modification of a given law or new measurements that are proposed. The constituencies each have approximately 100,000 inhabitants. Also, one day per month is set by a "minority" (group supporting the government but which is not the biggest group) or "opposition" (group having officially declared it did not support the government) group. The government has to right to ask the assembly to pronounce themselves in one vote only with the amendments proposed or accepted by the government itself. In the case of an accumulation of mandates, a deputy cannot receive a wage of more than €9,779.11. 1. For example, the deputy for the most populous constituency, in the department of Val-d'Oise, represented 188,000 voters, while the deputy for the least populous constituency, in the department of Lozère, represented only 34,000. During the discussion in the commission or in plenary sessions in the assembly, the government and the parliament can add, modify or delete articles of the proposal. While motions de censure are periodically proposed by the opposition following government actions that it deems highly inappropriate, they are purely rhetorical; party discipline ensures that, throughout a parliamentary term, the government is never overthrown by the Assembly. There is also the "compensation representing official expenses" (indemnité représentative de frais de mandat, IRFM) of €5,867.39 per month to pay costs related to the office, and finally a total of €8,949 per month to pay up to five employees. To be eligible to be elected to the National Assembly, one must be at least 18[17] years old, of French citizenship, and not subject to a sentence of deprivation of civil rights or to personal bankruptcy.
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